Schumpeter | French lingerie

Scant comfort

Recession threatens an iconic industry

By M.S. | PARIS

A WHISPER of silk, a flutter of lace, a wisp of a garment that hides as much as it reveals: elegant lingerie is up there with the Eiffel Tower, the Impressionists and enviably thin women as part of the French mystique. A stroll down the rue St Honoré in central Paris takes the dedicated shopper past store fronts like jewel boxes, where deftly crafted bras from designers such as Chantal Thomass can easily fetch €160 ($218) and their matching knickers €90. In the less-rarefied atmosphere of a nearby Monoprix, office workers buy seductive and well-constructed undergarments in synthetic fabrics for a quarter of those prices. Lingerie has so far been more resilient than outerwear during the economic slowdown that has taken a heavy toll on consumption in France since 2007. Is it finally beginning to succumb?

The French lingerie market is the biggest in Europe, according to beancounters at the Institut Français de la Mode, a fashion school, and France is also the biggest European exporter of bras, knickers and the like. French women spend more per head on their scanties than others, just beating the Germans and outdistancing the cheap and cheerful British by a country mile.

Young women between 15 and 24 years old fork out the most, typically buying a lot of cheapish items as their shapes change. They are followed by women between 45 and 54, who after the long slog of active motherhood go for fewer and better pieces. In 2012 women spent €2.7 billion on lingerie—down 3.3% on 2007, compared with an 11.2% fall in their spending on all clothing. They have tended to delay or forgo big purchases—a coat, for example—while replacing smaller-ticket bits of lingerie. But as recession drags on, many in the industry worry that behaviour is changing and that increasingly women will buy smalls only if they seem a bargain.

Firm figures for 2013 business will not come until mid-January. But sales and promotions are thought to account for around 30% of turnover in lingerie these days, up from less than 20% in 2011. Online purchases are gaining market share, and many are at cut rates. So are sales of bras and knickers and nightgowns in the home, via something like Tupperware parties.

In its lace-trimmed way, the lingerie market is a window into broader social trends as well. Even French women, it seems, are getting fatter now that fewer cook. The average bra size has increased from 90B to 95C in less than a decade, according to Séverine Marchesi, the director of the Salon International de la Lingerie, which attracts the world’s producers and trade buyers to Paris in January. “Shape wear” to haul in tummies and buttocks is all the rage. The cost of the materials that do the job adds to the rising price of lingerie that has caused sales volumes to fall.

Another change, many say, is that men no longer buy lingerie for women as they did, though Christmas may prove a brief exception. Nowadays, says Ms Marchesi, “women have taken control of their own purchases.” Nonetheless, Aubade, a big lingerie maker, still runs the high-profile advertising campaign it began in the early 1990s, doling out tips on the art of seduction along with pictures of nearly naked girls. Plus ça change.

(Photo credit: EPA)

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